Karma Transformations
1. Broad Classification
A. Before Karma Gives Result (Before Uday)
These transformations happen while karma is still in the bound state.
- Udvartan (उद्वर्तन) – Increase
- Apavartan (अपवर्तन) – Decrease
- Udirna (उदीरणा) – Premature fruition
- Upsham (उपशम) – Temporary suppression
- Nidhatti (निधत्ति) – Karma becomes fixed against certain transformations.
- Nikachit (निकाचित) – Absolutely fixed karma; unavoidable.
B. During Fruition (Uday)
Once karma starts giving results.
- Pradeshoday (प्रदेशोदय) – Only karmic particles become active.
- Vipakoday (विपाकोदय) – Active karma also produces experiential fruit.
C. Final Destruction States
Kshay (क्षय) – Permanent destruction.
Kshayopsham (क्षयोपशम) – Partial destruction + partial suppression.
2. Detailed Breakdown
| State | What it does | How to facilitate | Risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| Udvartan | Increases karma | Avoid kashayas, rumination | Stronger future bondage |
| Apavartan | Reduces karma | Forgiveness, swadhyay, dhyan, tap | None |
| Udirna | Brings future karma into present | Advanced tap, meditation | Intense simultaneous suffering |
| Upsham | Temporarily suppresses karma | Meditation, equanimity | Karma returns later |
| Pradeshoday | Karma becomes active | Observe mind early through awareness | Missing early signals leads to reactions |
| Vipakoday | Karma produces experience | Endure with samata, avoid fresh kashaya | New bondage if reacted to |
| Kshayopsham | Partial destruction + suppression | Sustained sadhana and purity | Suppressed portion can re-emerge |
| Kshay | Permanent destruction | Highest spiritual attainment | None |
| Nidhatti | Some transformations no longer possible | Not directly induced; depends on karmic state | Reduced flexibility |
| Nikachit | Fixed, unavoidable karma | Only endure with equanimity | Cannot be modified or avoided |
Upsham
Kshayopsham
Kshey of karma that were in uday and upsham of the karma that are not active yet.